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1 θεογεννείς
θεογεννήςbegotten of a god: masc /fem acc plθεογεννήςbegotten of a god: masc /fem nom /voc pl (attic epic) -
2 θεογεννεῖς
θεογεννήςbegotten of a god: masc /fem acc plθεογεννήςbegotten of a god: masc /fem nom /voc pl (attic epic) -
3 θεογεννής
θεογεννήςbegotten of a god: masc /fem nom sg -
4 θεογεννής
θεο-γεννής, ές,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > θεογεννής
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5 μονογενής
μονογενής, ές (μόνος, γένος; Hes.; LXX; PsSol 18, 4; TestSol 20:2; TestBenj 9:2; ParJer 7:26; ApcEsdr 6:16; ApcSed 9:2; Joseph., Just.; loanw. in rabb.) acc. μονογενῆ (-ῆν J 3:16 v.l.; Hb 11:17 D; also ApcEsdr 6:16)① pert. to being the only one of its kind within a specific relationship, one and only, only (so mostly, incl. Judg 11:34; Tob 3:15; 8:17) of children: of Isaac, Abraham’s only son (Jos., Ant. 1, 222) Hb 11:17. Of an only son (PsSol 18:4; TestSol 20:2; ParJer 7:26; Plut., Lycurgus 59 [31, 8]; Jos., Ant. 20, 20) Lk 7:12; 9:38. Of a daughter (Diod S 4, 73, 2) of Jairus 8:42. (On the motif of a child’s death before that of a parent s. EpigrAnat 13, ’89, 128f, no. 2; 18, ’91, 94 no. 4 [244/45 A.D.]; GVI nos. 1663–69.)② pert. to being the only one of its kind or class, unique (in kind) of someth. that is the only example of its category (Cornutus 27 p, 49, 13 εἷς κ. μονογενὴς ὁ κόσμος ἐστί. μονογενῆ κ. μόνα ἐστίν=‘unique and alone’; Pla., Timaeus 92c; Theosophien 181, §56, 27). Of a mysterious bird, the Phoenix 1 Cl 25:2.—In the Johannine lit. (s. also ApcEsdr and ApcSed: ὁ μονογενής υἱός; Hippol., Ref. 8, 10, 3; Did., Gen. 89, 18; ὑμνοῦμέν γε θεὸν καὶ τὸν μ. αὐτοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 8, 67, 14; cp. ἡ δύναμις ἐκείνη ἡ μ. Hippol., Ref. 10, 16, 6) μονογενὴς υἱός is used only of Jesus. The renderings only, unique may be quite adequate for all its occurrences here (so M-M., NRSV et al.; DMoody, JBL 72, ’53, 213–19; FGrant, ATR 36, ’54, 284–87; GPendrick, NTS 41, ’95, 587–600). τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μ. ἔδωκεν J 3:16 (Philo Bybl. [100 A.D.]: 790 Fgm. 2 ch. 10, 33 Jac. [in Eus., PE 1, 10, 33]: Cronus offers up his μονογενὴς υἱός). ὁ μ. υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ vs. 18; τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μ. ἀπέσταλκεν ὁ θεός 1J 4:9; cp. Dg 10:2. On the expr. δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός J 1:14 s. Hdb. ad loc. and PWinter, Zeitschrift für Rel. u. Geistesgeschichte 5, ’53, 335–65 (Engl.). See also Hdb. on vs. 18 where, beside the rdg. μονογενὴς θεός (considered by many the orig.) an only-begotten one, God (acc. to his real being; i.e. uniquely divine as God’s son and transcending all others alleged to be gods) or a uniquely begotten deity (for the perspective s. J 10:33–36), another rdg. ὁ μονογενὴς υἱός is found. MPol 20:2 in the doxology διὰ παιδὸς αὐτοῦ τοῦ μονογενοῦς Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Some (e.g. WBauer, Hdb.; JBulman, Calvin Theological Journal 16, ’81, 56–79; JDahms, NTS 29, ’83, 222–32) prefer to regard μ. as somewhat heightened in mng. in J and 1J to only-begotten or begotten of the Only One, in view of the emphasis on γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ θεοῦ (J 1:13 al.); in this case it would be analogous to πρωτότοκος (Ro 8:29; Col 1:15 al.).—On the mng. of μονογενής in history of religion s. the material in Hdb.3 25f on J 1:14 (also Plut., Mor. 423a Πλάτων … αὐτῷ δή φησι δοκεῖν ἕνα τοῦτον [sc. τὸν κόσμον] εἶναι μονογενῆ τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἀγαπητόν; Wsd 7:22 of σοφία: ἔστι ἐν αὐτῇ πνεῦμα νοερὸν ἅγιον μονογενές.—Vett. Val. 11, 32) as well as the lit. given there, also HLeisegang, Der Bruder des Erlösers: Αγγελος I 1925, 24–33; RBultmann J (comm., KEK) ’50, 47 n. 2; 55f.—DELG s.v. μένω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
6 τέκνον
τέκνον, ου, τό (τίκτω ‘engender, bear’; Hom.+ ‘child’)① an offspring of human parents, childⓐ without ref. to sex Mt 10:21a (on the complete dissolution of family ties s. Lucian, Cal. 1; GrBar 4:17; ApcEsdr 3:14 p. 27, 23 Tdf.; Just., A I, 27, 3f; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 43, 25 [Job’s children]); Mk 13:12a; Lk 1:7; Ac 7:5; Rv 12:4. Pl. Mt 7:11; 10:21b; 18:25; 19:29; 22:24 (=σπέρμα, cp. Dt 25:5f, but σπ. and τ. are contrasted Ro 9:7); Mk 13:12b; Lk 1:17; 14:26; 1 Cor 7:14 (on the baptism of children s. HWood, EncRelEth II 392ff; JLeipoldt, D. urchr. Taufe 1928, 73–78; AOepke, LIhmels Festschr. 1928, 84–100, ZNW 29, 1930, 81–111 [against him HWindisch, ZNW 28, 1929, 118–42]; JJeremias, Hat d. Urkirche d. Kindertaufe geübt? ’38; 2d ed. ’49; Die Kindert. in d. ersten 4 Jhdtn. ’58; revisited D. Anfänge d. Kindert. ’62; s. also ZNW 40, ’42, 243–45. KAl-and, D. Saülingst. im NT u. in d. alten Kirche ’62, 2d ed. ’63; Die Stellung d. Kinder in d. frühe christl. Gemeinden, und ihre Taufe ’67. KBarth, Z. kirchl. Lehre v. d. Taufe2 ’43; D. Taufe als Begründung d. christlichen Lebens in Kirchliche Dogmatik IV, 4, ’67; for discussion of Barth’s views, s. EJüngel, K. Barths Lehre v. d. Taufe ’68; KViering (ed.), Zu K. Barth’s Lehre v. d. Taufe ’71; K. Aland, Taufe u. Kindertaufe ’71; HHubert, D. Streit um d. Kindertaufe, ’72. FFr̓vig, TTK 11, ’40, 124–31; EMolland, NorTT 43, ’42, 1–23; F-JLeenhardt, Le Baptème chrétien ’46; OCullmann, D. Tauflehre d. NT ’48; P-HMenoud, Verbum Caro 2, ’48, 15–26; HSchlier, TLZ 72, ’47, 321–26; GFleming, Baptism in the NT ’49; GBeasley-Murray, Baptism in the New Testament ’62; WKümmel, TRu 18, ’50, 32–47; GDelling, D. Taufe im NT ’63; EDinkler, Die Taufaussagen d. NT ’71 [in: KViering, s. above, 60–153]; JDidier, Le baptême des enfants ’59; HKraft, Texte z. Gesch. d. Taufe bes. d. Kindert. i. d. alten Kirche, Kl. T. no. 174, 2d ed. ’69); 2 Cor 12:14ab (simile); 1 Th 2:7 (simile), 11 (simile); 1 Ti 3:4, 12; 5:4 al. In the table of household duties (s. MDibelius Hdb. exc. after Col 4:1; KWeidinger, Die Haustafeln 1928) Eph 6:1 (τὰ τέκνα voc.), 4; Col 3:20 (τὰ τ. voc.), 21. In the case of φονεῖς τέκνων B 20:2; D 5:2, what follows shows that murders of their own children are meant.—The unborn fetus is also called τέκνον B 19:5; D 2:2 (like παιδίον: Hippocr., π. σαρκ. 6 vol. VIII 592 L. On Jesus’ attitude toward children, cp. JKalogerakos, Aristoteles’ Bild von der Frau: ΠΛΑΤΩΝ 46, ’94, 159–83, esp. p. 174 and notes [cp. Aristot., EN 1161b].).ⓑ The sex of the child can be made clear by the context, son (Herodian 7, 10, 7; PGen 74, 1ff; PAmh 136, 1f; POxy 930, 18; Jos., Ant. 14, 196; Just., D. 56, 5; 134, 4) Mt 21:28a; Phil 2:22 (simile); Rv 12:5; GJs 22;3. The voc. τέκνον as an affectionate address to a son Mt 21:28b; Lk 2:48; 15:31. In a more general sense the pl. is used for② descendants from a common ancestor, descendants, posterity Ῥαχὴλ κλαίουσα τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς Mt 2:18 (Jer 38:15).—27:25; Ac 2:39; 13:33. A rich man is addressed by his ancestor Abraham as τέκνον Lk 16:25. τὰ τέκνα τῆς σαρκός the physical descendants Ro 9:8a.③ one who is dear to another but without genetic relationship and without distinction in age, childⓐ in the voc. gener. as a form of familiar address my child, my son (Herodian 1, 6, 4; ParJer 5:30; Achilles Tat. 8, 4, 3. Directed to fully grown persons, Vi. Aesopi G 60 P., where a peasant addresses Aesop in this way) Mt 9:2; Mk 2:5.ⓑ of a spiritual child in relation to master, apostle, or teacher (PGM 4, 475.—Eunap. p. 70 the sophist applies this term to his students) 2 Ti 1:2; Phlm 10. τέκνον ἐν κυρίῳ 1 Cor 4:17. τέκ. ἐν πίστει 1 Ti 1:2. τέκ. κατὰ κοινὴν πίστιν Tit 1:4. Pl. 1 Cor 4:14; 2 Cor 6:13; 3J 4. In direct address (voc.): sing. (on dir. address in the sing. cp. Sir 2:1 and oft.; Herm. Wr. 13, 2ab; PGM 13, 226; 233; 742; 755.—S. also Norden, Agn. Th. 290f; Boll 138f): 1 Ti 1:18; 2 Ti 2:1; D 3:1, 3–6; 4:1. Pl.: Mk 10:24; B 15:4.—1 Cl 22:1 understands the τέκνα of Ps 33:12 as a word of Christ to Christians. Cp. B 9:3. The address in Gal 4:19 is intended metaphorically for children for whom Paul is once more undergoing the pains of childbirth.—The adherents of false teachers are also called their τέκνα Rv 2:23.ⓒ of the members of a congregation 2J 1; 4; 13. In Hermas the venerable lady, who embodies the Christian communities, addresses the believers as τέκνα Hv 3, 9, 1. In Gal 4:31 οὐκ ἐσμὲν παιδίσκης τέκνα ἀλλὰ τῆς ἐλευθέρας posts a dramatic image = ‘we belong not to a community dependent on the rules of Sinai, but to one that adheres to the promises made to Abraham’.④ one who has the characteristics of another being, childⓐ of those who exhibit virtues of ancient worthies: children of Abraham Mt 3:9; Lk 3:8; J 8:39; Ro 9:7. True Christian women are children of Sarah 1 Pt 3:6.ⓑ of those who exhibit characteristics of transcendent entities: the believers are (τὰ) τέκνα (τοῦ) θεοῦ (cp. Is 63:8; Wsd 16:21; SibOr 5, 202; Just., D. 123, 9; 124, 1. On the subj. matter s. HHoltzmann, Ntl. Theologie I2 1911, 54; Bousset, Rel.3 377f; ADieterich, Mithrasliturgie 1903, 141ff; Hdb. on J 1:12; WGrundmann, Die Gotteskindschaft in d. Gesch. Jesu u. ihre relgesch. Voraussetzungen ’38; WTwisselmann, D. Gotteskindsch. der Christen nach dem NT ’39; SLegasse, Jésus et L’enfant [synopt.], ’69), in Paul as those adopted by God Ro 8:16f, 21; 9:7, 8b (opp. σπέρμα); Phil 2:15, s. also Eph 5:1; in John as those begotten by God J 1:12; 11:52; 1J 3:1f, 10a; 5:2. Corresp. τὰ τέκνα τοῦ διαβόλου 1J 3:10b (on this subj. s. Hdb. on J 8:44).—Cp. Ac 17:28, where the idea of kinship w. deity is complex because of semantic components not shared by polytheists and those within Israelite tradition.—Cp. 6 below.⑤ inhabitants of a city, children, an Hebraistic expression (Rdm.2 p. 28; Mlt-H. 441; s. Jo 2:23; Zech 9:13; Bar 4:19, 21, 25 al.; 1 Macc 1:38; PsSol 11:2) Mt 23:37; Lk 13:34; 19:44; Gal 4:25.⑥ a class of persons with a specific characteristic, children of. τ. is used w. abstract terms (for this Hebraism s. prec.; ἀνάγκης, ἀγνοίας Just., A I, 61, 10) τέκνα ἀγάπης B 9:7; ἀγ. καὶ εἰρήνης 21:9 (ἀγάπη 1bα). εὐφροσύνης 7:1 (s. εὐφροσύνη). δικαιοσύνης AcPlCor 2:19. κατάρας 2 Pt 2:14 (s. κατάρα). ὀργῆς Eph 2:3; AcPlCor 2:19. ὑπακοῆς 1 Pt 1:14. φωτός Eph 5:8; cp. IPhld 2:1. On the ‘children of wisdom’, i.e. those who attach themselves to her and let themselves be led by her Mt 11:19 v.l.; Lk 7:35 s. δικαιόω 2bα. Cp. 4b above.—Billerbeck I 219f, 371–74; BHHW II 947–49; III 1935–37.—DELG s.v. τίκτω. Frisk. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
7 μονογενής
-ής,-ές + A 0-2-0-3-9=14 Jgs 11,34; Ps 21(22),21; 24(25),16; 34(35),17the only member of a kin, only-begotten, only (of children) Jgs 11,34; id. (of God) Od 14,13; alone in its kind, one only Wis 7,22Cf. HARL 1960=1992a 206-207; 1986a 192; LARCHER 1984, 482-483; →MM; NIDNTT; TWNT -
8 φύω
φύω, Il.6.148, etc.; [dialect] Aeol. [full] φυίω fort. leg. in Alc.97: [tense] impf. ἔφυον, [dialect] Ep.[ per.] 3sg.Aφύεν Il.14.347
: [tense] fut. φύσω [ῡ] 1.235, S.OT 438: [tense] aor.ἔφῡσα Od.10.393
, etc.:—[voice] Pass. and [voice] Med., 9.109, Pi.O.4.28, etc.: [tense] fut. , Hp.Mochl.42, Pl.Lg. 831a, etc.: similar in sense are the intr. tenses, [tense] pf.πέφῡκα Od.7.114
, etc., [dialect] Ep.[ per.] 3pl.πεφύᾱσι Il.4.484
, Od.7.128; [ per.] 3sg. subj. πεφύῃ ([etym.] ἐμ-) Thgn.396; [dialect] Ep. part. fem. πεφυυῖα ([etym.] ἐμ-) Il.1.513, acc. pl.πεφυῶτας Od.5.477
; [dialect] Dor. inf.πεφύκειν Epich.173.3
: [tense] plpf.ἐπεφύκειν X.Cyr.5.1.9
, Pl.Ti. 69e; [dialect] Ep.πεφύκειν Il.4.109
; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl. , Op. 149: [tense] aor. 2 ἔφῡν (as if from φῦμι) Od.10.397, etc.: [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.φῦ Il.6.253
, etc., [ per.] 3pl. ἔφυν (for ἔφῡσαν, which is also [ per.] 3pl. of [tense] aor. 1) Od.5.481, etc.; subj. φύω orφυῶ E.Fr.377.2
, Pl.R. 415c, 597c, Hp.Carn.12; [ per.] 3sg. opt.φύη Theoc.15.94
, ([etym.] συμ-) Sor.2.89; inf. φῦναι, [dialect] Ep.φύμεναι Theoc. 25.39
,φῦν Parm.8.10
; part.φύς Od.18.410
, etc., [dialect] Boeot. fem.φοῦσα Corinn.21
: ἔφυσεν, = ἔφυ, dub. in IG14.2126.5 ([place name] Rome); conversely ἔφυ, = ἔφυσεν, ib.3.1350, Sammelb. 5883 ([place name] Cyrene): later, [tense] fut. , [voice] Pass.φυήσομαι Gp.2.37.1
, Them.Or.21.248c (in Luc. JTr.19 ἀναφύσεσθαι is restored): [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Pass.ἐφύην J.AJ18.1.1
, prob. in BSA28.124 ([place name] Didyma), ([etym.] ἀν-) Thphr.HP4.16.2; inf.φυῆναι Dsc.2.6
, ([etym.] ἀνα-) D.S.1.7; part.φῠείς Hp.Nat.Puer.22
, Trag.Adesp. 529, PTeb.787.30 (ii B. C.), Ev.Luc.8.6: [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Pass.συμ-φυθείς Gal. 7.725
. [Generally [pron. full] ῠ before a vowel, [dialect] Ep., Trag. (A.Th. 535, S.Fr. 910.2), etc., [pron. full] ῡ before a consonant; butφῡει Trag.Adesp.454.2
,φῡεται S.Fr.88.4
, Trag.Adesp. 543 ( = Men.565); ; ἐφῡετο prob. in Ar.Fr. 680, cf. Nic.Al.14, D.P.941, 1013; even in thesi,προσφῡονται Nic.Al. 506
,φῡουσιν D.P.1031
; also in compds.]A trans., in [tense] pres., [tense] fut., and [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Act.:—bring forth, produce, put forth,φύλλα.. ὕλη τηλεθόωσα φύει Il.6.148
; , cf. 1.235, Od.7.119, etc.;ἄμπελον φύει βροτοῖς E.Ba. 651
; so τρίχες.., ἃς πρὶν ἔφυσεν φάρμακον made the hair grow, Od.10.393, cf. A.Th. 535;φ. χεῖρε, πόδε, ὀφθαλμὰ ἀνθρώποις X.Mem.2.3.19
; of a country, ;ὅσα γῆ φύει Pl.R. 621a
, cf. Anaxag.4.2 beget, engender, E.Ph. 869, etc.;Ἄτλας.. θεῶν μιᾶς ἔφυσε Μαῖαν E. Ion3
, cf. Trag.Adesp.454.2; so of God creating man, Antipho 4.1.2, cf. Plu.2.1065c; ὁ φύσας the begetter, father (opp. ὁ φύς the son, v. infr. B.1.2), S.OT 1019, Ar.V. 1472 (lyr.);ὁ φ. πατήρ E.Hel.87
;ὁ φ. χἠ τεκοῦσα Id.Alc. 290
;τὴν τεκοῦσαν ἢ τὸν φύσαντα Lys.10.8
; of both parents,γονεῦσι οἵ σ' ἔφυσαν S.OT 436
;οἱ φύσαντες E.Ph.34
, cf. Fr. 403.2;φ. τε καὶ γεννᾶν Pl.Plt. 274a
;ὦ γάμοι γάμοι, ἐφύσαθ' ἡμᾶς S.OT 1404
; ἥδ' ἡμέρα φύσει σε will bring to light thy birth, ib. 438; .3 of individuals in reference to the growth of parts of themselves, φ. πώγωνα, γλῶσσαν, κέρεα, grow or get a beard, etc., Hdt.8.104, 2.68, 4.29;φ. πτερά Ar. Av. 106
, Pl.Phdr. 251c; ; φ. τρίχας, πόδας καὶ πτερά, etc., Arist.HA 518a33, 554a29, etc.: for the joke in φύειν φράτερας, v. φράτηρ.4 metaph., φρένας φῦσαι get understanding, S.OC 804, El. 1463 (but alsoθεοὶ φύουσιν ἀνθρώποις φρένας Id.Ant. 683
): prov., ἁλιεὺς πληγεὶς νοῦν φύσει 'once bit, twice shy', Sch.Pl.Smp. 222b; ; δόξαν φῦσαι get glory or to form a high opinion of oneself, Hdt.5.91;θεὸς.. αἰτίαν φύει βροτοῖς A.Niob.
in PSI11.1208.15;αὑτῷ πόνους φῦσαι S. Ant. 647
.II in [tense] pres. seemingly intr., put forth shoots,εἰς ἔτος ἄλλο φύοντι Mosch.3.101
;δρύες.. φύοντι Theoc.7.75
, cf. 4.24: so ἀνδρῶν γενεὴ ἡ μὲν φύει ἡ δ' ἀπολήγει one generation is putting forth scions, the other is ceasing to do so, Il.6.149; ἐν στήθεσι φύει (fort. φυίει) grows up, appears, Alc.97;ῥίζα ἄνω φύουσα ἐν χολῇ LXXDe. 29.18
.B [voice] Pass., with intr. tenses of [voice] Act., [tense] aor. 2, [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf., grow, wax, spring up or forth, esp. of the vegetable world,θάμνος ἔφυ ἐλαίης Od.23.190
, cf. 5.481; ;τά γ' ἄσπαρτα φύονται 9.109
, cf. Il.4.483, 14.288, 21.352;φύεται αὐτόματα ῥόδα Hdt.8.138
, cf. 1.193; growing there,Id.
2.56; πεφυκότα δένδρα trees growing there, X.Cyr.4.3.5;τὰ φυόμενα καὶ τὰ γιγνόμενα Pl.Cra. 410d
, cf. Phd. 110d, Plt. 272a; τοῦ κέρα ἐκ κεφαλῆς ἑκκαιδεκάδωρα πεφύκει from his head grew horns sixteen palms long, Il.4.109, cf. Hdt.1.108, 3.133;φύονται πολιαί Pi.O.4.28
; κεφαλαὶ πεφυκυῖαι θριξί grown with hair, D.S.2.50 (s. v.l.); is produced,X.
Vect.1.4: metaph., νόσημα ἐν ὀλιγαρχίᾳ φυόμενον, φυομένη πόλις, Pl.R. 564b, Lg. 757d; ὁ σπέρμα παρασχών, οὗτος τῶν φύντων αἴτιος [κακῶν] of the things produced, D.18.159; also κατὰ πάντων ἐφύετο waxed great by or upon their depression, ib. 19. —In this sense [tense] aor. 2 is rare (v. supr.), exc. in phrases such as ἔν τ' ἄρα οἱ φῦ χειρί (v. ἐμφύω), Od.2.302.2 of persons, to be begotten or born, most freq. in [tense] aor. 2 and [tense] pf.,ὁ λωφήσων οὐ πέφυκέ πω A.Pr. 27
;τίς ἂν εὔξαιτο βροτὸς ὢν ἀσινεῖ δαίμονι φῦναι; Id.Ag. 1342
(anap.); μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λόγον not to be born is best, S.OC 1224 (lyr.); γονῇ πεφυκὼς.. γεραιτέρᾳ ib. 1294; ; φύς τε καὶ τραφείς ib. 396c;μήπω φῦναι μηδὲ γενέσθαι X.Cyr.5.1.7
, cf. Pl.Smp. 197a: construed with gen., πεφμκέναι or φῦναί τινος to be born or descended from any one, , cf. S.OC 1379, etc.;θνατᾶς ἀπὸ ματρὸς ἔφυ Pi.Fr.61
, cf. S.OT 1359 (lyr.), Ant. 562;ἀπ' εὐγενοῦς ῥίζης E.IT 610
; , etc.;φ. ἔκ τινος S.OT 458
, E.Heracl. 325, Pl.R. 415c, etc.;ἐκ χώρας τινός Isoc.4.24
, etc.; οἱ μετ' ἐκείνου φύντες, opp. οἱ ἐξ ἐκείνου γεγονότες, Is.8.30;ἐκ θεῶν γεγονότι.. διὰ βασιλέων πεφυκότι X.Cyr.7.2.24
.II in [tense] pres., become, οὐδεὶς ἐχθρὸς οὔτε φύεται πρὸς χρήμαθ' οἵ τε φύντες .. S.Fr. 88.4;πιστοὺς φύσει φύεσθαι X.Cyr.8.7.13
; the [tense] pf. and [tense] aor. 2 take a [tense] pres. sense, to be so and so by nature, κακός, σοφός πέφυκα ([etym.] - κώς), etc., S.Ph. 558, 1244, etc.;δρᾶν ἔφυν ἀμήχανος Id.Ant.79
; φύντ' ἀρετᾷ born for virtue, i.e. brave and good by nature, Pi.O.10(11).20; so of things, (anap.), cf. Pl.Grg. 479d, etc.;εὐχροώτεροι ὁρῷντο ἢ πεφύκασιν X.Cyr.8.1.41
, cf. Oec.10.2; [τὸ πῦρ] πέφυκε τοιοῦτον Id.Cyr.5.1.10
;τἄλλα ἕκαστος ἡμῶν, ὅπως ἔτυχε, πέφυκεν D.37.56
: with Advs., ἱκανῶς πεφυκότες of good natural ability, Antipho 2.1.1;δυσκόλως πεφ. Isoc.9.6
;οὕτως πεφ. X.HG7.1.7
; alsoοἱ καλῶς πεφυκότες S.El. 989
, cf. Lys.2.20;οἱ βέλτιστα φύντες Pl.R. 431c
: then, simply, to be so and so,φῦναι Ζηνὶ πιστὸν ἄγγελον A.Pr. 969
;θεοῦ μήτηρ ἔφυς Id.Pers. 157
(troch.);γυναῖκε.. ἔφυμεν S.Ant.62
; Ἅιδης ὁ παύσων ἔφυ ib. 575; : c. part.,νικᾶν.. χρῄζων ἔφυν S.Ph. 1052
;πρέπων ἔφυς.. φωνεῖν Id.OT9
, cf. 587;τοῦτο ἴδιον ἔφυμεν ἔχοντες Isoc.4.48
, cf. 11.41, X.Smp.4.54.2 c. inf., to be formed or disposed by nature to do so and so,τὰ δεύτερα πέφυκε κρατεῖν Pi.Fr. 279
; ; , cf. Ant. 688;φύσει μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν Id.Ph.79
;πεφύκασι δ' ἅπαντες.. ἁμαρτάνειν Th.3.45
, cf. 2.64, 3.39, 4.61, etc.;πέφυκε.. τρυφὴ.. ἦθος διαφθείρειν Jul.Or.1.15c
.3 with Preps., γυνὴ.. ἐπὶ δακρύοις ἔφυ is by nature prone to tears, E.Med. 928; ἔρως γὰρ ἀργόν, κἀπὶ τοῖς ἀργοῖς ἔφυ is inclined to idleness, Id.Fr. 322; also ;εἴς τι Aeschin.3.132
; most freq.πρός τι, οἱ ἄνθρωποι πρὸς τὸ ἀληθὲς πεφύκασι Arist.Rh. 1355a16
;εὖ πρὸς ἀρετὴν πεφυκότες X. Mem.4.1.2
;πρὸς πόλεμον μᾶλλον.. ἢ πρὸς εἰρήνην Pl.R. 547e
;κάλλιστα φ. πρός τι X.HG7.1.3
, etc.; alsoπρός τινι Id.Ath.2.19
(s. v.l., cf. Plb.9.29.10); alsoεὖ πεφ. κατά τι D.37.55
.4 c. dat., fall to one by nature, be one's natural lot,πᾶσι θνατοῖς ἔφυ μόρος S.El. 860
(lyr.); ;ἐφύετο κοινὸς πᾶσι κίνδυνος D.60.18
, cf. X.Cyr.4.3.19.6 abs., ὡς πέφυκε as is natural, X.Cyn.6.15, al.; ; also expressed personally,τοῖς ἁπλῶς, ὡς πεφυκασι, βαδίζουσι D.45.68
: also freq. in part., τὰ φύσει πεφυκότα the order of nature, Lys.2.29; φύντα, opp. ὁμολογηθέντα, Antipho Soph. 44A i 32 (Vorsokr.5); ἄνθρωπος πεφυκώς man as he is, X.Cyr.1.1.3. (Cf. Skt. bhū- 'to be, become', Lith. búti 'to be', Lat. fui, Eng. be, etc.) -
9 ἄνωθεν
ἄνωθεν adv. of place (Trag., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX, En; TestSol 12:6 C; JosAs 21:4 [cod. A and Pal. 364]; ApcrEzk [Epiph 70, 10]; Just., Ath.).① in extension fr. a source that is above, from above (SIG 969, 63; PHib 110, 66; 107; 109; Gen 49:25; Josh 3:16; EpJer 61; En 28:2; TestSol 12:6 C; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 64; 184, Fug. 138, Somn., 2, 142; Jos., Ant. 3, 158) σχισθῆναι ἀπʼ ἄ. ἕως κάτω be torn fr. top to bottom Mk 15:38. For this ἄ. ἕως κάτω Mt 27:51 (where ἀπʼ is added by many witnesses, foll. Mk). ἐκ τῶν ἄ. ὑφαντὸς διʼ ὅλου woven from the top in one piece (i.e. altogether without seam) J 19:23. Esp. from heaven (cp. ἄνω 1 and schol. on Pla. 856e of the seer: ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα; Philo, Mos. 2, 69) ἄ. ἐκ τ. οὐρανοῦ J 3:27 v.l. ὁ ἄ. ἐρχόμενος he who comes from heaven (explained in the same vs. by ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐρχόμενος) 3:31. Of the Holy Spirit πνεῦμα ἄ. ἐρχόμενον Hm 11:21; also simply τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἄ. 11:8. ἡ δύναμις ἡ ἄ. ἐρχομένη 11:20. ἡ σοφία ἄ. κατερχομένη Js 3:15. Also ἡ ἄ. σοφία vs. 17. ἄ. εἶναι come from above Hm 9:11; 11:5; Js 1:17. Some would place 2 Cl 14:2 here, but the temporal sense seems more prob., s. 2. ἄ. δεδομένον bestowed from above (i.e. by God; cp. Procop. Soph., Ep. 109 θεοῦ ἄ. ἐπινεύοντος) J 19:11. ἄ. γεννᾶσθαι be born from above J 3:3, 7 (Epict. 1, 13, 3: all humans are begotten of their ancestor Zeus ἐκ τῶν αὐτῶν σπερμάτων καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς ἄ. καταβολῆς; Just., D. 63, 3), but. s. 4 on the wordplay in these verses (Nicodemus thinks of physical rebirth [vs. 4], but the narrator shows Jesus with another dimension in mind).② from a point of time marking the beginning of someth., from the beginning (Hippocr., VM 3; Pla.; Demosth. 44, 69; SIG 1104, 11; POxy 237 VIII, 31; En 98:5; JosAs 21:4 cod. A [p. 71, 19 Bat.]; Philo, Mos. 2, 48; Ath., R. 68, 19) παρακολουθεῖν ἄ. follow from the beginning Lk 1:3 (w. suggestion of thoroughness rather than temporal precision: LAlexander, The Preface to Luke’s Gospel, ’93, 130); cp. Ac 26:5 and s. 3. Opp. νῦν 2 Cl 14:2 (Lghtf.).③ for a relatively long period in the past, for a long time (SIG 685, 81 and 91; 748, 2; PTebt 59, 7 and 10; Jos., Ant. 15, 250; Just. [throughout]; Ath.) προγινώσκειν ἄ. know for a long time Ac 26:5 (Ael. Aristid. 50, 78 K.=26 p. 525 D. ἄ. Ἀριστείδην γιγνώσκω) beside ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς vs. 4 (cp. Aelian NA 17, 40 οὐκ ἄνωθεν, οὐδὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς=not for a long time nor from of old). For Lk 1:3 s. 2.④ at a subsequent point of time involving repetition, again, anew (Pla., Ep. 2 p. 310e ἄ. ἀρξάμενος; Epict. 2, 17, 27; Jos., Ant. 1, 263; IG VII, 2712, 59; BGU 595, 5ff) ἄ. ἐπιδεικνύναι MPol 1:1. Oft. strengthened by πάλιν (CIG 1625, 60; Wsd 19:6) Gal 4:9.—ἀ. γεννηθῆναι be born again J 3:3, 7 (ἄ. γεννᾶσθαι in the physical sense Artem. 1, 13) is designedly ambiguous and suggests also a transcendent experience born from above (s. 1 above on these pass. fr. J). JLouw, NThSt 23, ’40, 53–56; ESjöberg, Wiedergeburt u. Neuschöpfung im paläst. Judentum: Studia Theologica 4, ’51, 44–85.—DELG s.v. ἀνά. M-M. -
10 ἔτι
ἔτι adv. (Hom.+)① pert. to continuance, yet, still (contrast ἤδη ‘already’–ἔτι ‘still’ Chariton 49).ⓐ in positive statements, to denote that a given situation is continuing still, yet.α. of the present Lk 14:32; Hb 11:4. ἔ. σαρκικοί ἐστε 1 Cor 3:3. ἔ. ἐστὲ ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις 15:17. ἔ. ὑπὸ κίνδυνόν εἰμι ITr 13:3. εἰ ἔτι ἀνθρώποις ἤρεσκον if I were still trying to please people Gal 1:10; 5:11a. καὶ τούτοις ἔτι κεῖται μετάνοια the possibility of repentance is also open to these Hs 6, 7, 2. ἔτι καὶ νῦν even now Dg 2:3 (Just., D. 7, 2; cp. A I, 26, 5 καὶ νῦν ἔτι; A II, 6, 6 καὶ ἔτι νῦν).β. of the past, w. the impf. (Arrian, Anab. 6, 13, 2 ἔτι ἠπίστουν=they still disbelieved) ἔ. ἐν τῇ ὀσφύϊ ἦν he was still in the loins (i.e. not yet begotten) Hb 7:10; cp. J 11:30. Oft. w. the pres. ptc., which stands for the impf. (Diog. L. 9, 86 ἔτι ὁ ἥλιος ἀνίσχων) ἔ. αὐτοῦ λαλοῦντος while he was still speaking (cp. Job 1:16, 17, 18; TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 14 [Stone p. 28]; Jos., Ant. 8, 282) Mt 12:46; 17:5; 26:47; Mk 5:35a; 14:43; Lk 8:49; Ac 10:44 al. εἶπεν ἔτι ζῶν he said while he was still living Mt 27:63 (Jos., Ant. 4, 316; 8, 2 ζῶν ἔ.). ἔ. προσερχομένου αὐτοῦ while he was still approaching Lk 9:42. ἔ. αὐτοῦ μακρὰν ἀπέχοντος while he was still a long way off 15:20. σκοτίας ἔ. οὔσης while it was still dark J 20:1. ἔ. ὢν πρὸς ὑμᾶς when I was still with you 2 Th 2:5; cp. Lk 24:6, 41, 44; Ac 9:1; Ro 5:6, 8; Hb 9:8. ὄντος ἔτι ἐν σαρκί σου while you are still alive AcPlCor 1:6 (TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 3 [Stone p. 22] ἔτι ἐν τούτῳ τῷ σώματι ὤν; Just., D. 49, 7 ἔτι ὄντος τότε ἐν ἀνθρώποις Μωυσέως).γ. of the future πλησθήσεται ἔ. ἐκ κοιλίας he will be filled while he is still in his mother’s womb Lk 1:15 (ἔ. ἐκ κοι. Is 48:8; cp. 43:13 and Anth. Pal. 9, 567, 1 ἔ. ἐκ βρέφεος; Ps.-Plut., Mor. 104d). καὶ ἔ. ῥύσεται and he will deliver us again 2 Cor 1:10 (PsSol 9:11 εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ ἔτι al.).ⓑ in neg. statementsα. οὐδὲ ἔ. νῦν not even yet 1 Cor 3:2 (s. νῦν 1aβג).β. to denote that someth. is stopping, has stopped, or should stop no longer (PsSol 3:12 al.; TestSol D 4:9 τέθνηκεν καὶ οὐκ ἔτι ἴδῃς αὐτόν; ApcMos 13; Arrian, Anab. 5, 25, 3 and 6; 6, 29, 2a οὐ ἔτι=not any longer; Aesop, Fab. 243 H.=Ch. 200 p. 333, 52 μὴ ἔτι=no longer; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 72; Just., D. 5, 4 al.) οὐ δύνῃ ἔ. you can no longer Lk 16:2; cp. Mt 5:13; Lk 20:36; Rv 12:8 al.; οὐ μὴ ἔ. never again Hb 8:12; 10:17 (both Jer 38:34; En 5:8; TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 21 [Stone p. 62]; GrBar 1:7); Rv 18:21, 22, 23. Sim. in rhetorical questions τί ἔ. σκύλλεις τ. διδάσκαλον; why should you bother the Teacher any further?= you should not bother him any further Mk 5:35b. Cp. what further need have we of witnesses? Mt 26:65; Mk 14:63; Lk 22:71.—Ro 6:2.ⓒ of time not yet come ἔ. (χρόνον) μικρόν a little while longer J 7:33; 12:35; 13:33; 14:19; Hb 10:37 (TestJob 24:1) ἔ. τετράμηνός ἐστιν καί there are still four months before J 4:35 (PParis 18 ἔ. δύο ἡμέρας ἔχομεν καὶ φθάσομεν εἰς Πηλοῦσι).② pert. to numberⓐ what is left or remaining (TestAbr A 14 p. 93, 26 [Stone p. 34] τί ἔτι λείπεται;) ἔ. ἕνα εἶχεν υἱόν Mk 12:6. τί ἔ. ὑστερῶ; what do I still lack? Mt 19:20; cp. Lk 18:22; J 16:12; Rv 9:12.ⓑ that which is added to what is already at hand (GrBar 16:3 ἔ. σὺν τούτοις; Just., D. 8, 1 ἔ. ἄλλα πολλά; Tat. 20, 1 κόσμος … ἡμᾶς ἔ. καθέλκει) in addition, more, also, other ἔ. ἕνα ἢ δύο one or two others Mt 18:16; ἔ. τοῦτο … δεῖ τελεσθῆναι Lk 22:37 v.l.; ἔ. προ[σθείς] while he added Ox 1081 (SJCh) 9, after Wessely. ἔ. δέ (X., Mem. 1, 2, 1; Diod S 1, 74, 1; 13, 81, 3; Strabo 10, 3, 7; Dio Chrys. 36 [53], 1; 2 Macc 6:4) Hb 11:36. ἔ. δὲ καί furthermore (X., An. 3, 2, 28 al.; UPZ 61, 10 [161 B.C.]; PMich 174, 7 [146 A.D.]; 2 Esdr 19:18; EpArist 151; Jos., Bell. 2, 546, Ant. 7, 70; Ar. 4:3 al.; Just., D. 34, 1; Tat. 29, 1 al.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 13; Ath. 13, 1) Ac 2:26 (Ps 15:9); 1 Cl 17:1, 3; Hs 5, 2, 5; B 4:6; AcPl Ox 6, 20 (= Aa I 242, 2) al. ἔ. τε καί (Jos., Ant. 14, 194) Lk 14:26; Ac 21:28. ἔ. ἄνω, ἔ. κάτω farther up, farther down Mt 20:28 D. ἔ. ἅπαξ once again (2 Macc 3:37; TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 24 [Stone p. 20] al.; ApcSed 12:2) Hb 12:26f (Hg 2:6). W. a comp. ἔ. μᾶλλον (Hom. et al.; POxy 939, 3; Jos., Ant. 20, 89) Phil 1:9; περισσότερον ἔ. Hb 7:15. ἔ. καί ἔ. again and again B 21:4; Hs 2:6.③ in logical inference, in interrog. sentences (Just., D. 7, 1, 151 τίνι οὖν … ἔ. τις χρήσαιτο διδασκάλῳ;) τίς ἔ. χρεία; what further need would there be? Hb 7:11. τί ἔ. μέμφεται; why, then, does (God) still find fault? Ro 9:19; cp. 3:7; Gal 5:11b.—DELG. M-M. -
11 ὡς
ὡς (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) relative adv. of the relative pron. ὅς. It is used as① a comparative particle, marking the manner in which someth. proceeds, as, likeⓐ corresponding to οὕτως=‘so, in such a way’: σωθήσεται, οὕτως ὡς διὰ πυρός he will be saved, (but only) in such a way as (one, in an attempt to save oneself, must go) through fire (and therefore suffer fr. burns) 1 Cor 3:15. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γυναῖκα οὕτως ἀγαπάτω ὡς ἑαυτόν Eph 5:33; cp. vs. 28. ἡμέρα κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης οὕτως ἔρχεται 1 Th 5:2. The word οὕτως can also be omitted ἀσφαλίσασθε ὡς οἴδατε make it as secure as you know how = as you can Mt 27:65. ὡς οὐκ οἶδεν αὐτός (in such a way) as he himself does not know = he himself does not know how, without his knowing (just) how Mk 4:27. ὡς ἀνῆκεν (in such a way) as is fitting Col 3:18. Cp. 4:4; Eph 6:20; Tit 1:5 (cp. Just., A I, 3, 1 ὡς πρέπον ἐστίν). ὡς πᾶσα γυνὴ γεννᾷ GJs 11:2; ὡς ἀπεκαλύφθη AcPlCor 1:8.ⓑ special usesα. in ellipses (TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 22 [Stone p. 28] θρόνος … ἐξαστράπτων ὡς πῦρ; TestJob 20:3 χρήσασθαι … ὡς ἐβούλετο; JosAs 12:7 πρὸς σὲ κατέφυγον ὡς παιδίον ἐπὶ τὸν πατέρα) ἐλάλουν ὡς νήπιος I used to speak as a child (is accustomed to speak) 1 Cor 13:11a; cp. bc; Mk 10:15; Eph 6:6a; Phil 2:22; Col 3:22. ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε walk as (is appropriate for) children of light Eph 5:8; cp. 6:6b. ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ as (it is one’s duty to walk) in the daylight Ro 13:13. The Israelites went through the Red Sea ὡς διὰ ξηρᾶς γῆς as (one travels) over dry land Hb 11:29. οὐ λέγει ὡς ἐπὶ πολλῶν ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐφʼ ἑνός he speaks not as one would of a plurality (s. ἐπί 8), but as of a single thing Gal 3:16.—Ro 15:15; 1 Pt 5:3. Also referring back to οὕτως (GrBar 6:16 ὡς γὰρ τὰ δίστομα οὕτως καὶ ὁ ἀλέκτωρ μηνύει τοῖς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ like articulate beings the rooster informs earth’s inhabitants) οὕτως τρέχω ὡς οὐκ ἀδήλως I run as (a person) with a fixed goal 1 Cor 9:26a. Cp. ibid. b; Js 2:12.β. ὡς and the words that go w. it can be the subj. or obj., of a clause: γενηθήτω σοι ὡς θέλεις let it be done (= it will be done) for you as you wish Mt 15:28. Cp. 8:13; Lk 14:22 v.l. (for ὅ; cp. ὡς τὸ θέλημά σου OdeSol 11:21). The predicate belonging to such a subj. is to be supplied in οὐχ ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω (γενηθήτω) Mt 26:39a.—ἐποίησεν ὡς προσέταξεν αὐτῷ ὁ ἄγγελος he did as (= that which) the angel commanded him (to do) Mt 1:24; cp. 26:19 (on the structure s. RPesch, BZ 10, ’66, 220–45; 11, ’67, 79–95; cp. the formula Job 42:9 and the contrasting negation Ex 1:17; s. also Ex 3:21f); 28:15.—Practically equivalent to ὅ, which is a v.l. for it Mk 14:72 (JBirdsall, NovT 2, ’58, 272–75; cp. Lk 14:22 above).γ. ἕκαστος ὡς each one as or according to what Ro 12:3; 1 Cor 3:5; 7:17ab; Rv 22:12. ὡς ἦν δυνατὸς ἕκαστος each person interpreted them as best each could Papias (2:16).δ. in indirect questions (X., Cyr. 1, 5, 11 ἀπαίδευτοι ὡς χρὴ συμμάχοις χρῆσθαι) ἐξηγοῦντο ὡς ἐγνώσθη αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου they told how he had made himself known to them when they broke bread together Lk 24:35. Cp. Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 8:47; 23:55; Ac 10:38; 20:20; Ro 11:2; 2 Cor 7:15.② a conjunction marking a point of comparison, as. This ‘as’ can have a ‘so’ expressly corresponding to it or not, as the case may be; further, both sides of the comparison can be expressed in complete clauses, or one or even both may be abbreviated.ⓐ ὡς is correlative w. οὕτως=so. οὕτως … ὡς (so, in such a way) … as: οὐδέποτε ἐλάλησεν οὕτως ἄνθρωπος ὡς οὗτος λαλεῖ ὁ ἄνθρωπος J 7:46. ὡς … οὕτως Ac 8:32 (Is 53:7); 23:11; Ro 5:15 (ὡς τὸ παράπτωμα, οὕτως καὶ τὸ χάρισμα, both halves to be completed), 18. ὡς κοινωνοί ἐστε τῶν παθημάτων, οὕτως καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως as you are comrades in suffering, so (shall you be) in comfort as well 2 Cor 1:7. Cp. 7:14; 11:3 v.l.—ὡς … καί as … so (Plut., Mor. 39e; Ath. 15, 2) Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; 2 Cor 13:2; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20.ⓑ The clause beginning w. ὡς can easily be understood and supplied in many cases; when this occurs, the noun upon which the comparison depends can often stand alone, and in these cases ὡς acts as a particle denoting comparison. οἱ δίκαιοι ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος the righteous will shine out as the sun (shines) Mt 13:43. ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε συλλαβεῖν με as (one goes out) against a robber, (so) you have gone out to arrest me 26:55 (Mel., P. 79, 574 ὡς ἐπὶ φόνιον λῄστην). γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι ὡς οἱ ὄφεις be (as) wise as serpents (are) 10:16b. Cp. Lk 12:27; 21:35; 22:31; J 15:6; 2 Ti 2:17; 1 Pt 5:8.ⓒ Semitic infl. is felt in the manner in which ὡς, combined w. a subst., takes the place of a subst. or an adj.α. a substantiveא. as subj. (cp. Da 7:13 ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἤρχετο; cp. 10:16, 18) ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου (ἦν) ὡς θάλασσα ὑαλίνη before the throne there was something like a sea of glass Rv 4:6. Cp. 8:8; 9:7a. ἀφʼ ἑνὸς ἐγενήθησαν ὡς ἡ ἄμμος from one man they have come into being as the sand, i.e. countless descendants Hb 11:12.ב. as obj. (JosAs 17:6 εἶδεν Ἀσενὲθ ὡς ἅρμα πυρός) ᾂδουσιν ὡς ᾠδὴν καινήν they were singing, as it were, a new song Rv 14:3. ἤκουσα ὡς φωνήν I heard what sounded like a shout 19:1, 6abc; cp. 6:1.β. as adjective, pred. (mostly εἶναι, γίνεσθαι ὡς; the latter also in rendering of ךְּ to express the basic reality of something: GDelling, Jüd. Lehre u. Frömmigkeit ’67, p. 58, on ParJer 9:7) ἐὰν μὴ γένησθε ὡς τὰ παιδία if you do not become child-like Mt 18:3. ὡς ἄγγελοί εἰσιν they are similar to angels 22:30. πᾶσα σὰρξ ὡς χόρτος 1 Pt 1:24. Cp. Mk 6:34; 12:25; Lk 22:26ab; Ro 9:27 (Is 10:22); 29a (Is 1:9a); 1 Cor 4:13; 7:7f, 29–31; 9:20f; 2 Pt 3:8ab (Ps 89:4); Rv 6:12ab al. (cp. GrBar 14:1 ἐγένετο φωνὴ ὡς βροντή). Sim. also ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου treat me like one of your day laborers Lk 15:19.—The adj. or adjectival expr. for which this form stands may be used as an attribute πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως faith like a mustard seed=faith no greater than a tiny mustard seed Mt 17:20; Lk 17:6. προφήτης ὡς εἷς τῶν προφητῶν Mk 6:15. Cp. Ac 3:22; 7:37 (both Dt 18:15); 10:11; 11:5. ἐγένετο ὡς εἷς τῶν φευγόντων AcPl Ha 5, 18. ἀρνίον ὡς ἐσφαγμένον a lamb that appeared to have been slaughtered Rv 5:6.—In expressions like τρίχας ὡς τρίχας γυναικῶν 9:8a the second τρίχας can be omitted as self-evident (Ps 54:7 v.l.): ἡ φωνὴ ὡς σάλπιγγος 4:1; cp. 1:10; 9:8b; 13:2a; 14:2c; 16:3.ⓓ other noteworthy usesα. ὡς as can introduce an example ὡς καὶ Ἠλίας ἐποίησεν Lk 9:54 v.l.; cp. 1 Pt 3:6; or, in the combination ὡς γέγραπται, a scripture quotation Mk 1:2 v.l.; 7:6; Lk 3:4; Ac 13:33; cp. Ro 9:25; or even an authoritative human opinion Ac 17:28; 22:5; 25:10; or any other decisive reason Mt 5:48; 6:12 (ὡς καί).β. ὡς introduces short clauses: ὡς εἰώθει as his custom was Mk 10:1. Cp. Hs 5, 1, 2. ὡς λογίζομαι as I think 1 Pt 5:12. ὡς ἐνομίζετο as was supposed Lk 3:23 (Diog. L. 3, 2 ὡς Ἀθήνησιν ἦν λόγος [about Plato’s origin]; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 32 [Stone p. 12] ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ; Just., A I, 6, 2 ὡς ἐδιδάχθημεν). ὡς ἦν as he was Mk 4:36. ὡς ἔφην Papias (2:15) (ApcMos 42; cp. Just., A I, 21, 6 ὡς προέφημεν).γ. The expr. οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς ἄνθρωπος βάλῃ τὸν σπόρον Mk 4:26 may well exhibit colloquial syntax; but some think that ἄν (so one v.l. [=ἐάν, which is read by many mss.]) once stood before ἄνθρωπος and was lost inadvertently. S. the comm., e.g. EKlostermann, Hdb. z. NT4 ’50 ad loc.; s. also Jülicher, Gleichn. 539; B-D-F §380, 4; Mlt. 185 w. notes; Rdm.2 154; Rob. 928; 968.③ marker introducing the perspective from which a pers., thing, or activity is viewed or understood as to character, function, or role, asⓐ w. focus on quality, circumstance, or roleα. as (JosAs 26:7 ἔγνω … Λευὶς … ταῦτα πάντα ὡς προφήτης; Just., A I, 7, 4 ἵνα ὡς ἄδικος κολάζηται) τί ἔτι κἀγὼ ὡς ἁμαρτωλὸς κρίνομαι; why am I still being condemned as a sinner? Ro 3:7. ὡς σοφὸς ἀρχιτέκτων 1 Cor 3:10. ὡς ἀρτιγέννητα βρέφη as newborn children (in reference to desire for maternal milk) 1 Pt 2:2. μή τις ὑμῶν πασχέτω ὡς φονεύς 4:15a; cp. b, 16.—1:14; 1 Cor 7:25; 2 Cor 6:4; Eph 5:1; Col 3:12; 1 Th 2:4, 7a.—In the oblique cases, genitive (ApcSed 16:2 ὡς νέου αὐτοῦ ἐπαράβλεπον τὰ πταίσματα αὐτοῦ; Just., A I, 14, 4 ὑμέτερον ἔστω ὡς δυνατῶν βασιλέων): τιμίῳ αἵματι ὡς ἀμνοῦ ἀμώμου Χριστοῦ with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish 1 Pt 1:19. δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός glory as of an only-begotten son, coming from the Father J 1:14. Cp. Hb 12:27. Dative (Ath. 14, 2 θύουσιν ὡς θεοῖς; 28, 3 πιστεύειν ὡς μυθοποιῷ; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Κυνόσαργες: Ἡρακλεῖ ὡς θεῷ θύων): λαλῆσαι ὑμῖν ὡς πνευματικοῖς 1 Cor 3:1a; cp. bc; 10:15; 2 Cor 6:13; Hb 12:5; 1 Pt 2:13f; 3:7ab; 2 Pt 1:19. Accusative (JosAs 22:8 ἠγάπα αὐτὸν ὡς ἄνδρα προφήτην; Just., A I, 4, 4 τὸ ὄνομα ὡς ἔλεγχον λαμβάνετε; Tat. 27, 1 ὡς ἀθεωτάτους ἡμᾶς ἐκκηρύσσετε; Ath. 16, 4 οὐ προσκυνῶ αὐτὰ ὡς θεοὺς): οὐχ ὡς θεὸν ἐδόξασαν Ro 1:21; 1 Cor 4:14; 8:7; Tit 1:7; Phlm 16; Hb 6:19; 11:9. παρακαλῶ ὡς παροίκους καὶ παρεπιδήμους 1 Pt 2:11 (from the perspective of their conversion experience the recipients of the letter are compared to temporary residents and disenfranchised foreigners, cp. the imagery 1 Pt 1:19 above and s. παρεπίδημος and πάροικος 2).—This is prob. also the place for ὸ̔ ἐὰν ποιῆτε, ἐργάζεσθε ὡς τῷ κυρίῳ whatever you have to do, do it as work for the Lord Col 3:23. Cp. Eph 5:22. εἴ τις λαλεῖ ὡς λόγια θεοῦ if anyone preaches, (let the pers. do so) as if (engaged in proclaiming the) words of God 1 Pt 4:11a; cp. ibid. b; 2 Cor 2:17bc; Eph 6:5, 7.β. ὡς w. ptc. gives the reason for an action as one who, because (X., Cyr. 7, 5, 13 κατεγέλων τῆς πολιορκίας ὡς ἔχοντες τὰ ἐπιτήδεια; Appian, Liby. 56 §244 μέμφεσθαι τοῖς θεοῖς ὡς ἐπιβουλεύουσι=as being hostile; Polyaenus 2, 1, 1; 3, 10, 3 ὡς ἔχων=just as if he had; TestAbr B 8 p. 112, 17 [Stone p. 72] ὡς αὐτῷ ὄντι φίλῳ μου (do it for) him [Abraham] as a friend of mine; TestJob 17:5 καθʼ ἡμῶν ὡς τυραννούντων against us as though we were tyrants; ApcMos 23 ὡς νομίζοντες on the assumption that (we would not be discovered); Jos., Ant. 1, 251; Ath. 16, 1 ὁ δὲ κόσμος οὐχ ὡς δεομένου τοῦ θεοῦ γέγονεν; SIG 1168, 35); Paul says: I appealed to the Emperor οὐχ ὡς τοῦ ἔθνους μου ἔχων τι κατηγορεῖν not that I had any charge to bring against my (own) people Ac 28:19 (PCairZen 44, 23 [257 B.C.] οὐχ ὡς μενῶν=not as if it were my purpose to remain there). ὡς foll. by the gen. abs. ὡς τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν τῆς θείας δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ δεδωρημένης because his divine power has granted us everything 2 Pt 1:3. Cp. Dg. 5:16.—Only in isolated instances does ὡς show causal force when used w. a finite verb for, seeing that (PLeid 16, 1, 20; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 17, 2, end, Vit. Auct. 25; Aesop, Fab. 109 P.=148 H.; 111 H-H.: ὡς εὐθέως ἐξελεύσομαι=because; Tetrast. Iamb. 1, 6, 3; Nicetas Eugen. 6, 131 H. Cp. Herodas 10, 3: ὡς=because [with the copula ‘is’ to be supplied]) Mt 6:12 (ὡς καί as Mk 7:37 v.l.; TestDan 3:1 v.l.; the parallel Lk 11:4 has γάρ). AcPlCor 1:6 ὡς οὖν ὁ κύριος ἠλέησεν ἡμᾶς inasmuch as the Lord has shown us mercy (by permitting us). So, more oft., καθώς (q.v. 3).γ. ὡς before the predicate acc. or nom. w. certain verbs functions pleonastically and further contributes to the aspect of perspective ὡς προφήτην ἔχουσιν τὸν Ἰωάννην Mt 21:26. Cp. Lk 16:1. λογίζεσθαί τινα ὡς foll. by acc. look upon someone as 1 Cor 4:1; 2 Cor 10:2 (for this pass. s. also c below). Cp. 2 Th 3:15ab; Phil 2:7; Js 2:9.ⓑ w. focus on a conclusion existing only in someone’s imagination or based solely on someone’s assertion (PsSol 8:30; Jos., Bell. 3, 346; Just., A I, 27, 5; Mel., P. 58, 422) προσηνέγκατέ μοι τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον ὡς ἀποστρέφοντα τὸν λαόν, καὶ ἰδοὺ … you have brought this fellow before me as one who (as you claim) is misleading the people, and now … Lk 23:14. τί καυχᾶσαι ὡς μὴ λαβών; why do you boast, as though you (as you think) had not received? 1 Cor 4:7. Cp. Ac 3:12; 23:15, 20; 27:30. ὡς μὴ ἐρχομένου μου as though I were not coming (acc. to their mistaken idea) 1 Cor 4:18. ὡς μελλούσης τῆς πόλεως αἴρεσθαι assuming that the city was being destroyed AcPl Ha 5, 16.ⓒ w. focus on what is objectively false or erroneous ἐπιστολὴ ὡς διʼ ἡμῶν a letter (falsely) alleged to be from us 2 Th 2:2a (Diod S 33, 5, 5 ἔπεμψαν ὡς παρὰ τῶν πρεσβευτῶν ἐπιστολήν they sent a letter which purported to come from the emissaries; Diog. L. 10:3 falsified ἐπιστολαὶ ὡς Ἐπικούρου; Just., A, II, 5, 5 ὡς ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ σπορᾷ γενομένους υἱούς). τοὺς λογιζομένους ἡμᾶς ὡς κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦντας 2 Cor 10:2 (s. also aγ above). Cp. 11:17; 13:7. Israel wishes to become righteous οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐξ ἔργων not through faith but through deeds (the latter way being objectively wrong) Ro 9:32 (Rdm.2 26f). ὡς ἐκ παραδόσεως ἀγράφου εἰς αὐτὸν ἥκοντα (other matters he recounts) as having reached him through unwritten tradition (Eus. about Papias) Papias (2:11).④ conj., marker of result in connection with indication of purpose=ὥστε so that (Trag., Hdt.+, though nearly always w. the inf.; so also POxy 1040, 11; PFlor 370, 10; Wsd 5:12; TestJob 39:7; ApcMos 38; Jos., Ant. 12, 229; Just., A I, 56, 2; Tat. 12, 2. W. the indic. X., Cyr. 5, 4, 11 οὕτω μοι ἐβοήθησας ὡς σέσῳσμαι; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 8, 7 p. 324, 25f; Jos., Bell. 3, 343; Ath. 15, 3; 22, 2) Hb 3:11; 4:3 (both Ps 94:11). ὡς αὐτὸν καθόλου τὸ φῶς μὴ βλέπειν Papias (3:2) (s. φῶς 1a). ὡς πάντας ἄχθεσθαι (s. ἄχθομαι) AcPl Ha 4, 14. ὡς πάντας … ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι 6, 31 al.⑤ marker of discourse content, that, the fact that after verbs of knowing, saying (even introducing direct discourse: Maximus Tyr. 5:4f), hearing, etc.=ὅτι that (X., An. 1, 3, 5; Menand., Sam. 590 S. [245 Kö.]; Aeneas Tact. 402; 1342; PTebt 10, 6 [119 B.C.]; 1 Km 13:11; EpArist; Philo, Op. M. 9; Jos., Ant. 7, 39; 9, 162; 15, 249 al.; Just., A I, 60, 2; Tat. 39, 2; 41, 1; Ath. 30, 4.—ORiemann, RevPhilol n.s. 6, 1882, 73–75; HKallenberg, RhM n.s. 68, 1913, 465–76; B-D-F §396) ἀναγινώσκειν Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 6:4 (w. πῶς as v.l.). μνησθῆναι Lk 24:6 (D ὅσα); cp. 22:61 (=Lat. quomodo, as in ms. c of the Old Itala; cp. Plautus, Poen. 3, 1, 54–56). ἐπίστασθαι (Jos., Ant. 7, 372) Ac 10:28; 20:18b v.l. (for πῶς). εἰδέναι (MAI 37, 1912, 183 [= Kl. T. 110, 81, 10] ἴστε ὡς [131/132 A.D.]) 1 Th 2:11a. μάρτυς ὡς Ro 1:9; Phil 1:8; 1 Th 2:10.—ὡς ὅτι s. ὅτι 5b.⑥ w. numerals, a degree that approximates a point on a scale of extent, about, approximately, nearly (Hdt., Thu. et al.; PAmh 72, 12; PTebt 381, 4 [VSchuman, ClW 28, ’34/35, 95f: pap]; Jos., Ant. 6, 95; Ruth 1:4; 1 Km 14:2; TestJob 31:2; JosAs 1:6) ὡς δισχίλιοι Mk 5:13. Cp. 8:9; Lk 1:56; 8:42; J 1:39; 4:6; 6:10, 19; 19:14, 39; 21:8; Ac 4:4; 5:7, 36; 13:18, 20; 27:37 v.l. (Hemer, Acts 149 n. 140); Rv 8:1.⑦ a relatively high point on a scale involving exclamation, how! (X., Cyr. 1, 3, 2 ὦ μῆτερ, ὡς καλός μοι ὁ πάππος! Himerius, Or. 54 [=Or. 15], 1 ὡς ἡδύ μοι τὸ θέατρον=how pleasant … ! Ps 8:2; 72:1; TestJob 7:12) ὡς ὡραῖοι οἱ πόδες τῶν εὐαγγελιζομένων ἀγαθά Ro 10:15 (cp. Is 52:7). Cp. 11:33. ὡς μεγάλη μοι ἡ σήμερον ἡμέρα GJs 19:2.⑧ temporal conjunction (B-D-F §455, 2; 3; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1908, 392).ⓐ w. the aor. when, after (Hom., Hdt. et al.; Diod S 14, 80, 1; pap [POxy 1489, 4 al.]; LXX; TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62]; JosAs 3:2; ParJer 3:1; ApcMos 22; Jos., Bell. 1, 445b; Just., D. 2, 4; 3, 1) ὡς ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι Lk 1:23. ὡς ἐγεύσατο ὁ ἀρχιτρίκλινος J 2:9.—Lk 1:41, 44; 2:15, 39; 4:25; 5:4; 7:12; 15:25; 19:5; 22:66; 23:26; J 4:1, 40; 6:12, 16; 7:10; 11:6, 20, 29, 32f; 18:6; 19:33; 21:9; Ac 5:24; 10:7, 25; 13:29; 14:5; 16:10, 15; 17:13; 18:5; 19:21; 21:1, 12; 22:25; 27:1, 27; 28:4. AcPl Ha 3, 20.ⓑ w. pres. or impf. while, when, as long as (Menand., Fgm. 538, 2 K. ὡς ὁδοιπορεῖς; Cyrill. Scyth. [VI A.D.] ed. ESchwartz ’39 p. 143, 1; 207, 22 ὡς ἔτι εἰμί=as long as I live) ὡς ὑπάγεις μετὰ τοῦ ἀντιδίκου σου while you are going with your opponent Lk 12:58. ὡς ἐλάλει ἡμῖν, ὡς διήνοιγεν ἡμῖν τὰς γραφάς while he was talking, while he was opening the scriptures to us 24:32.—J 2:23; 8:7; 12:35f ( as long as; cp. ἕως 2a); Ac 1:10; 7:23; 9:23; 10:17; 13:25; 19:9; 21:27; 25:14; Gal 6:10 ( as long as); 2 Cl 8:1; 9:7; IRo 2:2; ISm 9:1 (all four as long as).—ὡς w. impf., and in the next clause the aor. ind. w. the same subject (Diod S 15, 45, 4 ὡς ἐθεώρουν …, συνεστήσαντο ‘when [or ‘as soon as’] they noticed …, they put together [a fleet]’; SIG 1169, 58 ὡς ἐνεκάθευδε, εἶδε ‘while he was sleeping [or ‘when he went to sleep’] [in the temple] he saw [a dream or vision]’) Mt 28:9 v.l.; J 20:11; Ac 8:36; 16:4; 22:11.— Since (Soph., Oed. R. 115; Thu. 4, 90, 3) ὡς τοῦτο γέγονεν Mk 9:21.ⓒ ὡς ἄν or ὡς ἐάν w. subjunctive of the time of an event in the future when, as soon as.α. ὡς ἄν (Hyperid. 2, 43, 4; Herodas 5, 50; Lucian, Cronosolon 11; PHib 59, 1 [c. 245 B.C.] ὡς ἂν λάβῃς; UPZ 71, 18 [152 B.C.]; PTebt 26, 2. Cp. Witkowski 87; Gen 12:12; Josh 2:14; Is 8:21; Da 3:15 Theod.; Ath. 31, 3 [ἐάν Schwartz]) Ro 15:24; 1 Cor 11:34; Phil 2:23.β. ὡς ἐάν (PFay 111, 16 [95/96 A.D.] ὡς ἐὰν βλέπῃς) 1 Cl 12:5f; Hv 3, 8, 9; 3, 13, 2.ⓓ w. the superlative ὡς τάχιστα (a bookish usage; s. B-D-F §244, 1; Rob. 669) as quickly as possible Ac 17:15 (s. ταχέως 1c).⑨ a final particle, expressing intention/purpose, with a view to, in order toⓐ w. subjunctive (Hom.+; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 33 [Stone p. 8]; SibOr 3, 130; Synes., Hymni 3, 44 [NTerzaghi ’39]) ὡς τελειώσω in order that I might finish Ac 20:24 v.l. (s. Mlt. 249).ⓑ w. inf. (X.; Arrian [very oft.: ABoehner, De Arriani dicendi genere, diss. Erlangen 1885 p. 56]; PGen 28, 12 [II A.D.]; ZPE 8, ’71, 177: letter of M. Ant. 57, cp. 44–46; 3 Macc 1:2; Joseph.; cp. the use of the opt. Just., D. 2, 3) Lk 9:52. ὡς τελειῶσαι Ac 20:24. ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν Hb 7:9 (s. ἔπος).ⓒ used w. prepositions to indicate the direction intended (Soph., Thu., X. [Kühner-G. I 472 note 1]; Polyb. 1, 29, 1; LRadermacher, Philol 60, 1901, 495f) πορεύεσθαι ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν Ac 17:14 v.l.—WStählin, Symbolon, ’58, 99–104. S. also ὡσάν, ὡσαύτως, ὡσεί 2, ὥσπερ b, ὡσπερεί, ὥστε 2b. DELG. M-M.
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